The word “play” creates a sense of frivolity and suggests that investing in stocks is a game or a form of entertainment.

All your investments in equity shares, preference shares, mutual funds, bonds, debentures, securitised instruments, commercial paper and certificates of deposit are included in this Consolidated Account Statement.

At the beginning of the new year, there is a lot of uncertainty and volatility in the economy and the financial markets. The tightening grip of higher interest rates is being felt across industries and asset classes.
 
Messages are mixed. The global economy faces recession while Indian entrepreneurs are still optimistic.

In a talk given at IIM Bangalore a few weeks ago, the SEBI chairperson (Madhabi Puri Buch) described a very interesting development with respect to the security of stock exchange operation in India. She said that India will be the first country to provide a backup for exchange software breakdowns caused either by bugs or cyber attacks.

With markets undoubtedly cracking over the last quarter, it is a good time to look back at the last three years and review our frame of reference for equity investing. We saw a global pandemic wreak havoc with lives and supply chains. The war in Ukraine exacerbated global trade problems and drove up commodity costs. The actions of central banks to ease monetary conditions helped create the conditions for increased inflation (which we called out in the past).

In theory, an independent director is a guardian of minority shareholder rights. The independent director is supposed to scrutinise questionable decisions or plans made by the CEO or the executive promoter. Such decisions might go against the best interests of minority shareholders and could directly affect the value of their investment.

An important part of investing is understanding uncertainty – that we do not know what will happen. And yet, at the same time, we must remain optimistic. We must use our knowledge of our lack of knowledge to focus on the opportunities that uncertainty creates. A 2013 scientific paper (“Managerial Miscalibration”) studied forecasts made by Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) of leading companies, about the stock market.

According to a recent New York Times article, Bruce Springsteen’s music catalog was sold for $550 million. According to Billboard, after deducting costs of production and distribution, about 20% of revenues, the master recording and publishing catalogs earn $17 million per year.

We had written in March about inflation creeping into the economy. It is now clearly visible in the data, as well as anecdotally. The Federal Reserve Chair is now considering the possibility that inflation may stick around for a while.

We have spoken earlier about investing in Public Sector Units (PSUs; government owned and controlled companies), and why they should be avoided, as a thumb rule, by long-term, fundamental investors with small capital. Today’s reaction in IRCTC’s stock starkly illustrates the point.

Many people think that an important benefit of investing in the public equities market is that they can withdraw or liquidate the investments at short notice. While investing, the liquidity in equity markets should at best be viewed by the long-term investor as a marginal benefit. It’s not a good primary reason to invest in the stock market. If liquidity is a priority, we should keep our money in a bank account or fixed deposit.

The Price-Earnings – or PE – ratio is used very often by investors and financial analysts to gauge the price level of any given company’s stock. It is the ratio of the price of the stock to the earnings per share of the company in any given year. In very broad terms, all else being equal, the lower the PE of a share, the cheaper it is considered to be, and the higher the PE, the more expensive it appears. This is a very broad brush. All else is not equal.

If you follow the Indian securities markets, you may often come across news about SEBI appealing an SAT order on some case or the other.

Our Fund Manager, Rishi Gupta, was invited to speak by the Pune chapter of the World Zarathushti Chamber of Commerce on Wednesday, August 25, 2021. The topic of his talk was “Where To Not Invest”.

The video is posted below.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oe6TI4EmpW0&t=1s

Total bank credit in India as of July, 2021, was 109 lakh crores. Between bank credit and corporate bonds, it is bank credit that does the heavy lifting of providing debt capital to commerce in India. Total outstanding commercial bonds are only about one-third of bank credit (33 lakh crores in 2020). This includes bonds issued by banks themselves.

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has introduced the concept of “accredited investor” to the Indian securities markets. Accredited investors will not be subject to minimum investment thresholds for Alternative Investment Fund (AIF; minimum investment one crore rupees) and Portfolio Management Services (PMS; minimum investment fifty lakh rupees) investments.;

In the AIF regulations, SEBI has defined Accredited Investor [individual] as

The world is a complicated place for companies. Commercial, social, ethical, environmental and governance issues intersect and intertwine in many different ways. Companies and investors often talk about “doing good” and making “ESG” goals a priority. Governments try to enforce doing good through measures like mandatory CSR (corporate social responsibility) allocations.

Our contention is that it is not easy to identify or measure how much good or bad is being done by a company.

IPOs are highly marketed events. There is an entire intermediary ecosystem that is built to package and sell an initial public offering. These intermediaries have their incentives aligned with the sellers of the IPO. The sellers are either the existing shareholders, or the company itself that is issuing new shares. On the other hand, the buyers in an IPO are all the investors that are generally present in a public equity market, which includes individuals or retail investors.